Feedback Loop And Organizational Learning - 1781 Words

Feedback Loop and Organizational Behavior Wanda I. Ramos Trident University BUS 599: Integrative Project Dr. Jeffrey Snider Feedback Loop and Organizational Learning The Excellent Consulting Group Organizational learning is no doubt an important concern to organizational researchers and practitioners. However, few theories or models of organizational learning have widespread acceptance, even the basic concept of what organizational learning is (Fiol Lyles, 1985; Huber, 1991, Kim, 1993). Each learning cycle and process is to be treated as reorganizing feedback mechanism to achieve the task’s objectives. â€Å"The technical view assumes that organizational learning is about the effective processing, interpretation of, and response to,†¦show more content†¦They are also element of effective management. Discussion A feedback loop is a common and a great tool when designing a control system. Feedback loops take the system output into consideration, which enables the system to adjust its performance to meet a desired output response. System feedback loops constitute an essential part of the systems thinking theory which allows viewing organization as a system. They are also connected to the theory of organizational learning., which may occur within a loop. Organizational learning theory and population ecology would suggest that rule making is subject to limited resources (e.g., unsolved problems) which would be absorbed as the rule apparatus grows, leaving less resources for new rules resulting in a negative effect of rule density on rule birth rates. There are different feedback loops at Whole Foods Market, two of which will be discuss in this paper. Identifying and having control of the reinforcing and balancing loops provides a company with an advanced understanding of its internal processes and creates multiple learning opportunities that will allow it to become more successful in the future. Whole Foods Market reinforcing loops consists of the following elements: 1. The demand for organic foods 2. The profit earned 3. The number of stores that operate within the grocery chain 4. The customer awareness of healthy eating habits The revenue and profit of the company depend directly

A Doll’S House. By Henrik Ibsen. Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906),

A Doll’s House By Henrik Ibsen Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906), Norway’s major playwright and poet during the 19th century, was a pioneer of Western modernism (Wikipedia). His plays founded the realist school of Western theatre and some literary critics even consider him as â€Å"the father of realism† or refer to the rise of â€Å"Ibsenism† (iii) when discussing his work. A Doll’s House (1879) is one of the most influential plays in European literature because it created a new, realist style of staging plays, moving away from epic theatrical conventions. Play’s characters are living a regular life and belong to the middle or upper middle class. A Doll’s House presents the moral conflicts of its protagonists, Torvald and Nora Helmer, by mixing between†¦show more content†¦Helmer shows his real face. He is a selfish and thankless man which urges Nora to leave the family. The play represents a normal middle class family that functions according to the common gender roles of the time. Ibsen uses symbols and images to show the contrast between interrelationship between moral issues and their external manifestation in the play. Torvald dominates his wife, who is servile and resembles a bird in the cage. Torvald frequently refers to her as â€Å"skylark† (4), squirrel, or doll. All of these names belittle her and make her look subservient to him. The antagonists, Mrs. Linde, Mr. Krogstad, and Dr. Rank, the family friend who is in secret love with Nora and suffering from a terminal illness, play a crucial role in the play’s dramatic development. These characters are insincere and mirror the moral conflicts between Nora and Torvald. Moreover, Ibsen uses particular symbols to show the moral weakness of Torvald and Nora’s marriage. For example, the Christmas tree symbolizes the family. The tree is dead, has no roots to support it, and is put in a place where visitors can see it for ostentation. Torvald and Nora are interested in decorating it with artificial objects rather than enjoying its natural beauty. Thus, the tree represents the disintegration of Nora and Torvald’s marriage, its lacking foundation of truth, understanding and honesty, and its artificial rules ofShow MoreRelatedPerfect Domestic Wives1069 Words   |  4 Pagespolite exterior. Gender roles and freedom of women in the 19th century are the main themes in Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House.† The movement for women’s rights succeeded in Norway shortly after this time period. However, during the 19th century, Norway experienced peace which led to a concentration on the arts and theatre. New makeup and sets were brought into the theatre. Plays like â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrik Ibsen epitomized the new age of theatre, realism, in the 19th century. During the 19th centuryRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1717 Words   |  7 Pageswhich the society has not figured out yet, even women themselves. What do women want, freedom or good life? Most of the time, they are not necessarily the same thing. The play, â€Å"A Doll House† written by Henrik Ibsen back in 1879 while exiled in Germany, reveals the desire of freedom from Nora, a typical house wife in Norway back in the end of 19th century. An event of secret loan exposes the struggles between the social calls and the desire for freedom in Nora’s heart. Contrast to the regatheringRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House 1325 Words   |  6 PagesFamilies Destroyed by Secrecies In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll s House† (March 20, 1828 - May 23, 1906) and â€Å"Oedipus the King†, by Sophocles (which is an Athenian tragedy performed 495 B.C.E. - 405 B.C.E.) both have men who were destroyed by a secret which lead them to their horrible outcomes on life because of the conflicts in their relationships with their families although, both pieces of Literature were written many years apart from each other and in different areas of time. Two characters whoRead MoreTheatrical Realism : Realism And Realism1228 Words   |  5 Pagesheightened or poetic REALISM IN A DOLL’S HOUSE Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906), a norwegian writer, is considered to be the father of modern realistic drama His plays attacked society’s values and dealt with unconventional subjects within the form of the well-made play (causally related) Ibsen’s letters reveal that much of what is contained in his realist dramas is based on events from his own life. A Doll’s House was the second in a series of realist plays by Ibsen after The Pillars of Society (1877)Read MoreHenrik Ibsen s Hedda Gabler Essay2029 Words   |  9 PagesPAPER: HENRIK IBSEN’S â€Å"HEDDA GABLER† Part 1: Henrik Ibsen Henrik Ibsen was born on March 20th, 1828 and grew up in a Norwegian coastal town of Skien, as the oldest of five children. His Father, Knud, was a successful merchant providing a plentiful life for his family, while his mother, Marichen, played the piano and loved theater. Ibsen showed little interest in theater as a child until his family went into bankruptcy and eventually into poverty. That tragic event in his life made Ibsen put hisRead MoreFreedom Versus Confinement By Henrik Chopin1524 Words   |  7 Pageson what happened in the house or how things were to be done that was the husband’s job. The man was obligated to get married, take care of his wife and household (money wise). The men were typically more free then the women. But true freedom is being able to live for yourself and do what you wanted to how you wanted to do it. Neither were truly free. During this time period, many writers and poets would using poems and stories to discuss these issues. Writer Hen rik Ibsen and poet Kate Chopin areRead MoreInferior Role of a Married Woman Nora in a Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen2359 Words   |  10 PagesInferior Role of a Married Woman Nora in A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen Mengdan Shen Theatre and Drama 120 Section 319 Ashley Bellet December 9, 2015 Before the twentieth century’s feminism movement, European females suffered from their unfair and discriminated positions in marriage and in society. In his masterpiece A Doll’s House, Henrik Ibsen creates Nora, a housewife who is dependent financially and socially on her husband, Helmer. Ibsen uses Nora’s marriage to depict and embody theRead MoreExistentialist traits in works of Henrik Ibsen1442 Words   |  6 Pagesworks of Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906). The Norwegian playwright, Henrik Ibsen a was an advocator of individualism and was against the social norms which shape the lives of human beings. His characters live themselves out in the spirit of reckless and vehement self-assertion - superman and superwomen. Ibsen was a believer in freedom to will. Many of his characters can be seen in this light who reject to be shaped by some force outside their own will. . In his famous and controversial play A Dolls HouseRead MoreIbsen11859 Words   |  48 PagesM.F.A. Committee Member ______________________________ Kenneth Cleaver, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________ James Nutter, D.A. Honors Director ______________________________ Date Forshey 3 Abstract In Henrik Ibsen’s plays, A Doll’s House, The Wild Duck, The Lady from the Sea, and Hedda Gabler, the theme of captivity is demonstrated in the female protagonists Nora, Hedvig, Ellida, and Hedda. The theme of captivity also serves as a performance guide for the portrayalRead MoreBeckett And The Realism Theatre Of Henrik Ibsen2026 Words   |  9 Pagesdesign, there are a large amount of differences between the absurd theatre of Samuel Beckett and the realism theatre of Henrik Ibsen; however, both these playwrights look to challenge their audience and the theatrical conventions and expectations of their time. Beckett challenges the idea of how language, time, and human existence are presented and perceived within a play; Ibsen challenges the conventional ideas of his time with the use of an unexpected protagonist and the idea of leaving the audience

Company Accounting Acquire Smaller Ltd

Question: Discuss about theCompany Accountingfor Acquire Smaller Ltd. Answer: Introduction Companies registered in Australia required complying with accounting guidelines cited by AASB for the preparation of financial statements. The objective of these standards is to ensure financial information of entity in a fair manner to assist stakeholders in making viable decisions (Dagwell, Wines and Lambert, 2011). The present study is focused on preparing consolidated financial statements by considering norms described by provisions of AASB 10. Part A Purchase Analysis to Acquire Smaller Ltd Provisions of AASB 3 establish norms for preparation and presentation of consolidated financial statements in a situation where one entity imposed controlling power on other entity or entities through acquisition (Business combinations, 2004). It also considers provisions of section 334 of the Corporations Act 2001. In accordance with provisions of AASB 3, parent entity is required to present consolidated financial statements if they establish control over other entities (Australian Accounting Standards, 2016). Purchase Analysis to Acquire Smaller Ltd Value of Net Assets Assets Accruals receivables. $ 25000 Trademarks patents $ 600000 Inventory $ 60000 Debtors $ 59540 Prepaid expenses $ 2900 Land $ 202000 Vehicles $ 29100 Dividend and int. $ 2880 PPE $ 76560 Liabilities Contingent liability $ 91500 Dividend payable $ 4000 Creditors $ 13500 Other liabilities $ 10720 Debenture $ 50000 Share capital $ 443400 Cash $ 300000 Net assets $ 448540 Consideration transferred =$3 00 000 + 420,000 * (3/5) * 2.95 =$743,400 Goodwill =$294860 Acquisition of Smaller Ltd had created goodwill of $294860 as consideration provided by the company is higher in comparison to the value of net received through the acquisition process. This shows that Baxter Ltd had paid higher amount because of the market reputation of Smaller Ltd as this acquisition will provide them non-monetary benefits like increase in customer market, synergy advantage, improved productivity and other business advantages (Jones and Ratnatunga, 2012). Recording of Acquisition in the General Journal as at 30th June 2X16 Accruals receivables Dr. $ 25000 Trademarks patents Dr $ 600000 Inventory Dr $ 60000 Debtors Dr $ 59540 Prepaid expenses Dr $ 2900 Land Dr $ 202000 Vehicles Dr $ 29100 Dividend and int. Dr $ 2880 PPE Dr $ 76560 Goodwill Dr $ 294860 Contingent liability Cr $ 91500 Dividend payable Cr $ 4000 Creditors Cr $ 13500 Other liabilities Cr $ 10720 Debenture Cr $ 50000 Share capital Cr $ 443400 Cash Cr $ 300000 Note to the Accounts of Baxter Ltd In notes to account, Baxter Ltd is required to show entire acquisition facts such as consideration provided by segregating it in cash and equity shares. Further, computation of net assets is required to be shown in a detailed manner (Parker, 2013). The company is also required to show the applicability of AASB 3 to ensure that proper procedure is followed for an accounting of acquisition (Business combinations, 2004). Further, valuation methods of assets are to be stated to provide a brief of acquisition to stakeholders. In a situation where viable disclosures required by the acquisition and other Australian Accounting Standards are not able to meet these objectives than in situation, Baxter Ltd is required to provide disclosure of other additional information which is necessary for the purpose of meeting those objectives (Jones and Ratnatunga, 2012). Part B Acquisition of Subby Ltd in the Books of Baxter Ltd Accounting for consolidation in Baxter Ltd is required to be done by considering provisions of AASB 10 (Australian Accounting Standards, 2016). The holding company has a regulatory requirement to prepare consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standardised accounting policies for financial transactions taking place in similar conditions (Australian Accounting Standards, 2016). On the basis of this provisions consolidation of Baxter and Subby Ltd will be recorded in the following manner: Net fair value of identifiable assets and liabilities Share capital + General reserve+ retained profit =$ 1839970 Share of Baxter Ltd 1839970*.6 =$ 1103982 Consideration transferred = 420,000 * (1/4) * 2.95 +420,000 * (1/4) * 2.5 =$ 572250 Capital reserve =$ 531732 Legal and administration expenses will be reduced from capital reserve, and net amount will be shown in balance sheet of company i.e. 793082. Along with this, minority interest will also be recorded a minority interest in liability portion. Journal entries Retained earnings Dr. $ 48170 Share capital Dr. $ 11750000 General reserve Dr. $ 41800 Shares in Subby Ltd. Cr. $ 572250 Business combination valuation reserve Cr. $ 531732 Business combination valuation reserve Dr $ 1300 To legal charges $ 1300 Conclusion The present study shows compliance of AASB 3 and AASB 10 for an accounting of Baxter Ltd to acquire Smaller Ltd and Subby Ltd in a proper manner. Finance department of the company is required to consider these provisions for preparation of financial statements. Further, proper disclosure is to made in notes to accounts of the annual report of a company to provide a better understanding to stakeholders of the company regarding financial transactions. References Books and Journals Dagwell, R., Wines, G. and Lambert, C., 2011. Corporate Accounting in Australia. Pearson Higher Education. Jones, S. and Ratnatunga, J., 2012. Contemporary Issues in Sustainability Accounting, Assurance and Reporting. Emerald Group Publishing. Parker, H. R., 2013. Accounting in Australia (RLE Accounting): Historical Essays. Routledge. Online Business combinations. 2004. [Pdf]. Available through https://www.iasplus.com/en/binary/au/dp2004-02.pdf. [Accessed on 14th December 2016]. Australian Accounting Standards. 2016. [Online]. Available through https://www.charteredaccountants.com.au/Industry-Topics/Reporting/Australian-accounting-standards.aspx. [Accessed on 14th December 2016].

Wuthering Heights Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Wuthering Heights Persuasive Essay In Wuthering Heights, by Emily Bronte, the characters are quite intricate and engaging. The story takes place in northern England in an isolated, rural area. The main characters involved are residents of two opposing households: Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. Wuthering Heights is a tale of a powerful love between two people, which transcends all boundaries, including that between life and death. The author, Emily Bronte, uses parallelism in this novel. Much of what happens in the first half of the story corresponds to events in the second half. This parallelism also extends to the characters; the first generation of characters is comparable to the second generation. Some might argue that these characters are duplicates of each other and that they share many traits. This is not the case for Catherine Earnshaw and Cathy Linton, a mother and her daughter. These two characters are different in numerous aspects of their personalities and lifestyles. We will write a custom essay on Wuthering Heights Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Catherine Earnshaw and Cathy Linton differ a great deal when it comes to their family life. Catherines father did not love her because she was forever misbehaving. He once told her, Nay Cathy, I cannot love thee; thourt worse than thy brother. Go, say thy prayers, child, and ask Gods pardon. I doubt thy mother and I must rue the day we ever reared thee! Relating to Lockwood, Nelly noted that young Catherine was such a wild, wicked slip (37) that she never seemed as content as when she was being scolded. She was born into a rich, well to do solid family. Her dad, Mr. Earnshaw, was strict man; her mom, Mrs. Earnshaw, was a devoted, quite snobbish woman. Catherine was conceited all throughout her youth, which is clearly a contributing factor to her immaturity. She also shows how she likes and loves to be given excessive attention. This causes her problems all the way until she becomes an adult. A very important aspect of Catherine is, of course, her personality. She can be described as conceited, mischievous, willful, and had the bonniest eye, and sweetest smile (45). The readers can clearly see the special traits and features that make her unique in a special way. As a little girl, she has a very strong attitude. She is the type of girl that will react in a rather aggressive way when she doesnt get what she wants. She is so used to always getting what she wants, that when the opposite happens, she throws a tantrum. One of the first examples of this was, when she learnt the master had lost her whip in attending the stranger, showed her humor by grinning and spitting at the stupid little thing (41). Catherine was an intensely emotional character. From the time she was a child, she made choices based on her urges and feelings, and would become irritated if her will was not maintained. One time she became violently abusive when Nelly insisted on supervising her visit with Edgar. She pinched and slapped Nelly, shook Hareton when he began to cry, and then slapped Edgar when he attempted to intervene. This sort of unstable emotional state made Catherine very frail that she often became ill after an outburst. Following an argument she had with Heathcliff and Edgar, she became very ill and eventually died. It could be argued that her tendency for passionate outbursts drained the life from her. Catherine is a strong young woman and she is defiant of authority since young age. She was never so happy as when we were all scolding, her at the same time, and she defying us with her bold, saucy look, and her ready words (46). This, besides showing her as a mischievous child, shows a characteristic strongly underlined in her the need for attention. Catherine also treated her brother Hindley poorly. As a child, she neglected him in favour of Heathcliff. As an adult, Catherine made no effort to help Hindley with his drinking problem after Frances died, nor did she try and prevent Heathcliff from taking advantage of Hindley. .u67c8a42aaf1e72b41e1d7b46519769b3 , .u67c8a42aaf1e72b41e1d7b46519769b3 .postImageUrl , .u67c8a42aaf1e72b41e1d7b46519769b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u67c8a42aaf1e72b41e1d7b46519769b3 , .u67c8a42aaf1e72b41e1d7b46519769b3:hover , .u67c8a42aaf1e72b41e1d7b46519769b3:visited , .u67c8a42aaf1e72b41e1d7b46519769b3:active { border:0!important; } .u67c8a42aaf1e72b41e1d7b46519769b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u67c8a42aaf1e72b41e1d7b46519769b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u67c8a42aaf1e72b41e1d7b46519769b3:active , .u67c8a42aaf1e72b41e1d7b46519769b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u67c8a42aaf1e72b41e1d7b46519769b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u67c8a42aaf1e72b41e1d7b46519769b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u67c8a42aaf1e72b41e1d7b46519769b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u67c8a42aaf1e72b41e1d7b46519769b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u67c8a42aaf1e72b41e1d7b46519769b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u67c8a42aaf1e72b41e1d7b46519769b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u67c8a42aaf1e72b41e1d7b46519769b3 .u67c8a42aaf1e72b41e1d7b46519769b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u67c8a42aaf1e72b41e1d7b46519769b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Stories and Memoirs of Our Lives Essay Catherines selfish character was depicted when she wanted both Edgar and Heathcliff at the same time. She wanted Edgar for his life and Heathcliff for his soul. She didnt want to choose between the two of them, and therefore she never did. Thus, she caused pain for Heathcliff and Edgar. With Catherine, her heart and mind are divided: she loves Heathcliff, but marries the more stable Edgar. Cathy Linton, on the other hand, enjoys a very loving atmosphere at Thrushcross Grange. She is a fine, young lady. She loves her father and stays at his side constantly when he is ill. She even consents to marry Linton, so she can see her father. She and her father, Edgar, were very fond of each other. Edgar was anxious to protect her form the twisted world of Wuthering Heights. Cathy demonstrated her love for her father when she devoted herself to nursing him during his illness. Cathy never had any siblings, but she wished that she had one. She once said, Pretty Linton! I wish you were my brother (219). The reader is certain that if Cathy had a brother they would have been very close. Her characteristic traits show the reader that she is a caring and loving woman. Cathy was much more sensible than her mother was. She was able to effectively control her emotions at all times, even during confrontations with her tormentor Heathcliff, and remained strong and grounded throughout the novel. At no point was she abusive, except perhaps in her initial treatment of Hareton. The differences in the emotional character of Catherine and Cathy could be explained in the fact that Cathy did not experience a relationship like the torrential love affair Catherine had with Heathcliff. It was this relationship that was the root for all the tragedy in Catherines life. Heathcliff played a dominant role in both halves of Wuthering Heights and he interacted with both Catherine and Cathy. However, they had very different relationships with him. Catherine and Heathcliff were deeply in love with each other and had been soul mates ever since childhood. Heathcliff often evoked powerful emotions from Catherine, and their encounters often left Catherine in emotional chaos. Cathy did not like Heathcliff and he did not like her. Edgar and Nelly informed Cathy of Heathcliffs terrible history and negative impact on her family. Once she moved into Wuthering Heights and lived with Heathcliff, Cathy was transformed from a bright, cheerful young girl into the sullen, foul-tempered person Lockwood meets during his first visit to the Heights. Heathcliff saw Cathy as the cause of her mothers death and she represented Catherines betrayal of their love. Cathy inspired many feelings of rage from Heathcliff. For instance, when she accused him of stealing her property he burst out, Damnable witch! Off with her! Do you hear? Fling her into the kitchen! Ill kill her, Ellen Dean, if you let her come into my sight again (292). The mother and her daughter had contrasting views and experiences when it came to love and marriage. Catherine was desperately in attached to Heathcliff, and the love they shared was the most powerful force in the novel. She did not want to marry Heathcliff, though, because she felt it would degrade her. This displays her pride and ego, which led to her choice of Edgar for a husband. This union was not built on true love, but on Catherines desire to have money, power and respect. In comparison, Cathy was forced into marrying Linton, with whom she would have rather had a brother-sister bond. Heathcliff forced this marriage because he wanted the property and assets that she was heir to. Cathy eventually fell in love with Hareton, despite the fact that he was a dirty, illiterate farm labourer. Unlike her mother, Cathy wanted to marry for love, not money or power. .uc4a5b00d5249ec52c98cac0e693a14a9 , .uc4a5b00d5249ec52c98cac0e693a14a9 .postImageUrl , .uc4a5b00d5249ec52c98cac0e693a14a9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc4a5b00d5249ec52c98cac0e693a14a9 , .uc4a5b00d5249ec52c98cac0e693a14a9:hover , .uc4a5b00d5249ec52c98cac0e693a14a9:visited , .uc4a5b00d5249ec52c98cac0e693a14a9:active { border:0!important; } .uc4a5b00d5249ec52c98cac0e693a14a9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc4a5b00d5249ec52c98cac0e693a14a9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc4a5b00d5249ec52c98cac0e693a14a9:active , .uc4a5b00d5249ec52c98cac0e693a14a9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc4a5b00d5249ec52c98cac0e693a14a9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc4a5b00d5249ec52c98cac0e693a14a9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc4a5b00d5249ec52c98cac0e693a14a9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc4a5b00d5249ec52c98cac0e693a14a9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc4a5b00d5249ec52c98cac0e693a14a9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc4a5b00d5249ec52c98cac0e693a14a9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc4a5b00d5249ec52c98cac0e693a14a9 .uc4a5b00d5249ec52c98cac0e693a14a9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc4a5b00d5249ec52c98cac0e693a14a9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Child Called It Essay This is obvious because Hareton is poor and could offer neither. But just like Catherine did to Heathcliff, Cathy treats Hareton like he is a servant and he becomes upset. Nelly Dean was another character who played an important role throughout the entire novel and had close relationships with both Catherine Earnshaw and her daughter Cathy. Catherine grew up with Nelly and since Nelly was several years older, Catherine treated her rather like a big sister. She often came to Nelly with problems, but Nelly did not show a great deal of concern for her. This was because she had developed a dislike for Catherine because of her cruel, selfish actions. When Catherine came to her looking for advice about marrying Edgar, Nelly questioned her motives and put her down for being materialistic. Nelly had a huge impact on the lives of both girls. She would have altered the unfortunate path of Catherines life if she had told her that Heathcliff had overheard her say that it would degrade her to marry him. Cathy Linton had a better relationship with Nelly and the two were very fond of each other. Nelly was like a mother to Cathy and was her constant companion during her childhood. Cathy trusted Nelly and told her many personal things. On several occasions, though, Nelly revealed these secrets to Edgar, who was reasonably upset about his daughters deceits. An example is when he learned of Cathys frequent, unpermitted visits to see Linton at Wuthering Heights. It could be argued that Nelly betrayed Cathys trust in order to protect her from Heathcliff and Wuthering Heights. Nellys sweet, innocent mistress may have been corrupted by too much exposure to such unsavory elements. The characters of Catherine Earnshaw and her daughter Cathy Linton are very different in numerous aspects of their personalities and lifestyles. They had very different family lives. Much of Catherines character was based on emotions while Cathy is much more restrained. Heathcliff and Nelly both had relationships with the women, but these relationships were very distinct and often in contrast. Catherine and Cathy had opposing views on love and dissimilar experiences with marriage. Although the two characters never had a relationship, as one died giving birth to the other, it seemed as if Cathy had learned from her mothers mistakes and successfully avoided the same tragedies. This was accomplished mainly by recognizing Heathcliff as a monster. Cathy could never be completely at rest after Heathcliff and the world of Wuthering Heights was introduced into her life. It was in this same world, strangely, that Catherine Earnshaw had rejoiced, which is perhaps the most striking difference between mother and daughter. Heathcliff was at the same time the source of joy and the cause of pain in Catherines life. Perhaps their love was so powerful that it could only be contained within the realm of the dead. Although there are many different important messages in this novel, the main value is the changes that occur in and between the characters. Wuthering Heights is a love story that deals with the social classes and the suppression of true feelings. It bestows a moral value onto the reader of discrimination and true heartbreak. It is a tragedy because of what happens when the characters finally discover what was truly meant to be. The characters within the story are truly fascinating, since they have numerous characteristic aspects. Cathy Linton may be recognized as a duplicate of Catherine Earnshaw, but their personality traits are entirely different. Catherine is evil and selfish, and Cathy is innocent and kind. Although they are mother and daughter, they are two completely different people. As the story progresses, the reader can clearly see how they differ in many aspects.

The Battles of the French and Indian War

The Battles of the French and Indian War The battles of the French and Indian War, also known as the Seven Years War,  were fought around the globe making the conflict the first truly global war. While fighting began in North America, it soon spread and consumed Europe and colonies as far-flung as India and the Philippines. In the process, names such as Fort Duquesne, Rossbach, Leuthen, Quebec, and Minden joined the annals of military history. While armies sought supremacy on land, the combatants fleets met in notable encounters such as Lagos and Quiberon Bay. By the time the fighting ended, Britain had gained an empire in North America and India, while Prussia, though battered, had established itself as a power in Europe. French Indian/Seven Years War Battles: By Theater Year 1754 Battle of Fort Necessity/Great Meadows - North America 1755 Battle of the Monongahela - North AmericaBattle of Lake George - North America 1757 Battle of Plassey - IndiaSiege of Fort William Henry - North America 1758 Siege of Louisbourg - North AmericaBattle of Carillon - North America 1759 Battle of Fort Niagara - North AmericaBattle of Quebec - North AmericaBattle of Quiberon Bay - Europe 1763 Pontiacs Rebellion - North America

Courage to Speak is Courage to Succeed

Courage to Speak is Courage to Succeed I am writing this note in May with a full and happy heart on the bus ride home from New York City where I did a two-minute pitch at the Jewish Book Conference. I’d practiced my pitch since February when I first registered for the conference almost everywhere – in the shower, with my kids, on the bus to work everywhere. But it’s a totally different experience when you pitch in front of a large crowd – in this case, 200 people who represented the various Jewish Community Centers among bookstores, festival organizers, bookclubs nationwide. The full-blown decision makers. They are the ones who decide whether to fly me out to various venues around the country to talk about my book’s message of courage during their upcoming programming year. So this brings me to my main point. If you want people to know about your book, the best way to get the word out is to speak about it. There’s something about taking a book off the â€Å"Amazon hinges† and connecting with an audience. Social media can only take you so far.  People see and hear your voice. You feel excited. They sense your passion. And the word spreads. I call this organically building a platform. Back to basics. I stood on that stage and gave that pitch every ounce of my being. There was that strong warrior woman of my Israel Defense Forces past I thought Id parked in the memoir, but that day I brought her back. To New York City. Where the Story began. The pitch: â€Å"It was an accident I got inducted in the Israel Defense Forces. I had no idea what I was getting involved in. My mother, daughter of a Holocaust survivor, child prodigy, Julliard graduate who played alongside Leonard Bernstein, was terrified I’d get blown up But I wanted to prove to my Israeli father that I could be my own person away from my mother’s fears and paranoias of Israel. So I dropped out of college and found myself in the middle of the desert with a bunch of immigrants who ridiculed and bullied me. Aerogram after aerogram, my mother pleaded with me to come home. I got my entire company punished because I arrived late for an inspection. I struggled to complete an eighteen kilometer march for our green beret in basic training. I held down an entire camp during one of Israel’s worst snowstorms in history with just one other Russian girl from my company. Mind you, that’s a great way to bond. As a lone IDF soldier, it was hard to stay courageous, but I managed to earn the best soldier award from then president Chaim Herzog. And I heard my mother say, â€Å"Dorit, you’re a really good kid.† Danny Ayalon, former ambassador to the US, says this about Accidental Soldier: A touching and courageous journey of the female immigrant experience that many readers will sympathize with. But the magic didn’t stop with the pitch. Groups came up to me afterwards to ask questions ranging from how did it feel to write my memoir to how did it feel to come back to the States. One woman eagerly asked if I had additional copies of the book. Her group already received their review copies, but she wanted the one copy I had to give it to four other groups in her area who wanted a speaker to talk about an Israel type experience. Wow! Talk about instant booking! At a busy cafà © in midtown Manhattan, I sat with my publicist, who called the experience â€Å"mind-blowing.† I blew up that room. Faces lit up. People watched as I spoke instead of peering over their thick books of numerous author profiles and copious notes. Through trial and error, Ive learned as an author to do these three things: Write a killer book. Hire a killer editor. Speak. Speak. Speak. I know of no better way to spread the word. And it begins with having the courage and the faith to put yourself out there. To your book writing success, Dorit.

The Execution of John Brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Execution of John Brown - Essay Example The Execution of John Brown On the other hand, the statement of David Hunter Strother on the account of Brown’s execution described in full detail the final moments of John Brown before he was executed. The intended audience are the same – both Southerners and Northerners. The two documents have many parallelisms regarding John Brown’s character and beliefs, but they have a few noteworthy differences. The â€Å"Last Statement† and Strother’s Statement actually had parallelisms. Brown’s â€Å"Last Statement† is the final statement of Brown spoken after he was sentenced to death by the South. Whether it was Brown himself who wrote the speech or someone who simply noted down what he spoke, the speech seems to say one thing: the South has been wrong in its stance for slavery and the North, including Brown himself, is vindicated in their cause. The speech was wholly a denial of the charges and a testament that explained the basis of the abolition. One of the main poin ts that Brown emphasized in his speech is a denial of the accusations previously hurled against him, and he did this with pride. He said, â€Å"I deny everything but what I have all along admitted of a design on my part to free slaves† (Author 148). For Brown, therefore, storming the armory at Harper’s Ferry was not at all a sign of rebellion but rather merely an act to free the slaves. Thus, for him, â€Å"It is unjust that I should suffer such a penalty† (149), and â€Å"I feel no consciousness of guilt†. ... It is actually Brown’s pride that is being shown here, although Strother’s account somehow suggests that Brown died with so much display of haughtiness – as using the words â€Å"grim and grisly smirk,† â€Å"bravado,† and â€Å"alacrity† (300). Strother must have been a sympathizer of the South for him to write the execution account like this, especially as he described Brown as â€Å"notorious† (299). However, towards the second half of Strother’s report, somehow he changes his sentiments to that in favor of Brown. He describes him as rather waiting for his death â€Å"quietly and civilly† and â€Å"without impatience† for such choice of words – â€Å"quietly† and â€Å"civilly† – somehow shows that indeed, for Strother, Brown died with dignity and honor (301). In fact, when someone seated beside Strother told him that Brown was already starting to break down –â€Å"He trembles , his knees are shaking† – Strother rather dismissed it as false (301). For Strother, it is the scaffold that shakes and not Brown’s knees, thus making the other person feel that he was wrong and that Brown here was not the cowardly guilty criminal that the man thought he was but rather a man who is ready to face death and brave enough in accepting his fate (301). What happened then to the original sentiments of Strother at the first half of the article? Perhaps, the hatred in Strother was replaced by admiration for the unflinching manner by which Brown faced his execution. The â€Å"Last Statement† actually contained more information about Brown than Strother’s account of the former’s execution. While Strother only described a man of dignity and honor standing at the scaffold, Brown’s â€Å"Last

Analyses customer relation theory of adidas Assignment

Analyses customer relation theory of adidas - Assignment Example This is a powerful marketing for Adidas and it uses it effectively to be able to engage the customers. Adidas tries to use customer loyalty in order to maintain its customers. Although some scholars have argued that consumers are rarely loyal to such brands as Adidas and its major competitors like Nike and Puma, the firm still sticks to its strategy of trying to create customer loyalty Matthew (2013). One of the ways in which Adidas tries to create customer loyalty is to have its brand strategy designed in such a way that all customers have been served. For instance, the firm is currently delivering three parts of its brand (Arenas, 2010). The first brand is the original which gives the customers the option to access the original Adidas designs. This is for the loyal customers who still want to stick to the products they liked in the older days. The second is the designs that are geared towards professional athletes. These products are designed to serve professional athletes in order to help them have the best performance. The third and last brand is geared towards fashion. This is f or the Adidas customers who feel they want to wear Adidas products but with a fashion appeal to it (Kyle, 2006). Of these three categories of customers that Adidas targets, its digital marketing strategy targets only two. The two categories targeted with the digital strategy for Adidas are those who are fashion oriented and the athletes’ categories. The reason for this is these customers are the ones who are most likely to use the gaming consoles and so Adidas is able to engage these customers. Although the digital gaming console is the main digital marketing strategy that Adidas has used mainly, the firms also uses other digital channels to engage the customers. For instance, the firm uses social media such as Facebook and twitter for its

Online shopping Essay Example for Free

Online shopping Essay For this assignment I have decided to research online shopping and the way it has been introduced into every day living. Online shopping has recently been on the increase due to the advance in technology and the cheapness and availability of computers have become in the last few years. For whatever reason it is certainly a highly used service and will always increase, as the Internet is becoming a bigger part in everyday living. The aspects of Internet shopping I am going to research are: Â  What are the best shops to buy from and why. Â  How easy it is to buy online. Prices of products compared to high street prices. * How secure it is to shop online. I will get my research from producing and handing out 30 questionnaires, reading books about the Internet and from the Internet itself. Research: A questionnaire was carried out as an initial step to gather information on the habits of peoples usage to online shopping. Questionnaires were handed out to people that do or have at one point used the Internet to do online shopping. The information I have gathered with this questionnaire is: i What age group uses online shopping the most i Read more: Essay About Advantages of Online Shopping What sort of products people buy online i Whats the most popular product people buy online i How often people buy online i How secure people think online shopping is Results of questionnaire: On the following page I have created pie charts to show the important results from the questionnaires. The questionnaires and full results of the questionnaires can be found in Appendix A at the back of this report. Pie charts: [image004. gif] Chart 1 Most popular sites Chart 4 shows the sites that were used the most. As you can see from the chart Amazon was the most popular with 41%, followed by Ebay with 14%.

Self-Interest on the International Stage Essay -- International Relati

Self-Interest on the International Stage A nation’s actions on the world stage can be played in many ways. Whether the role being played is unwanted meddler in other nations’ affairs, supplier of money and aid to countries in despair, or just an ordinary nation trying to keep all of its proverbial ducks in a row, the motivation that drives the plot of international relations is self-interest. Whether the setting is these United States or across the world in the People’s Republic of China, in the theocratic republic of Iran or the military controlled Central African Republic, is doesn’t pay to give something for nothing. Self-interest should not be confused with selfishness, as the two terms are neither interchangeable nor synonymous. Self-interest is â€Å"concern for one’s own advantage and well-being,† and selfishness is extreme self-interest coupled with a disregard for others (Merriam-Webster). It comes in several forms, like economic and political, and is specialized according to each nation and its individual wants and needs. In fact, it is not only possible but actually c...

Alexandru Florea Economic Development and Growth

Indicators of economic development: Labor productivity Weighted Machine tool industry in total industry Weighted Machine tool exports in total exports Weighted Brain drain in total export Weighted Employment in services Economic growth is represented by the evolution of specific economic indexes, with benefits for the social and economic life, in a specific time and area. The most known index for calculating the economic growth is the GAP/ capita. Types of economic growth Extensive economic growth- based on growing the GAP/capita by increasing the number of workers, arable lands etc.Consolidated economic growth: it would be realized at the global scale Zero economic growth: is happening when the economic indexes and the population of the country are increasing with the same percentage. The single way that a state can achieve economic development and growth is by using their economies to make investments. Economic development represents a qualitative process while economic growth is a quantitative one. However the processes of economic development and growth are produced simultaneous therefore they must be considered together. The first part of the analysis will provide an overall picture of Roman's economic performance.It will be presented the current economic development situation and its growth during the analyzed years. The second part of the analysis represents an econometric exercise which will provide the connection between GAP, Urban Population and Employment. At the end of the exercise it will 3 be possible to predict values of GAP depending on Urban Population and the level of employment. The third part of the analysis will provide information regarding the development lacks of Roman's economy. The fourth part of analysis refers to Romania market inefficiency.It will provide the most important issues about market failures in Romania. The fifth part of analysis includes the Development Policies. It will present the main targets to improve Roman's econom y for the next years. B. Analysis 1. Methodology For this analysis were chosen indexes from 5 areas: Romania, Bulgaria, Germany, France and European Union. Besides Romania, which is the main subject of the analysis, it was chosen Bulgaria like a state with similar economic situation. Germany and France were chosen because they represent two of the most developed country in Europe.In the same time they represent examples of how the economic situation should be in a developed country therefore Romania must achieve a close level to them in order to become a State with a developed economy. Nevertheless, all of them are member states of European union therefore all of them must converge to the same level, as result, it is absolutely necessary to include the European union indexes. First part of the analysis contains statistical results about the economic development and growth situation in Romania. The analyzed period refers to 1990-2013.For this part there were seed data series, with an nual frequency, from the official website of World Bank. Second part of the analysis is represented by a linear regression model. For analyzing the correlation between variables, were used data series (1991-2012), with annual frequency, from the official website of World Bank. The data refers only to Romania. The purpose of the exercise was to find the influence Of that urban population and employment have on GAP. The form of linear regression model is: AMPLE+?* POP 4 Where: BIB – Gross Domestic Product AMPLE -? Employment POP – the urban population percentageThe GAP was deflated referring to the year 2005 as the base year. Views was the soft used for testing and correcting the regression model. The intensity between the dependent variable and the independent variables was analyzed considering the correlation coefficient R The sign efficacy of linear correlation coefficients was tested using t-test Starting from the hypothesis: HO: the model is not valid and HI: the mo del is valid, the validity of the regression model was tested using the Fischer test.The model's significance was tested with: – Wald test for testing the regression coefficients F test for testing the significance of the correlation ratio. – graphic method, Durbin Watson test and Breach Godlier test for verifying the independence of the random errors. – White test for verifying the homosexuality. -Jarred-Berea test for verifying the normality hypothesis. Third part of the analysis contains statistical results about the development lacks in Romania. The analyzed period refers to 1990-2013.For this part there were used data series, with annual frequency, from the official website of World Bank. Fourth part of the analysis contains statistical results about the market inefficiency in Romania. The analyzed period refers to 1990-2013. For this part there were used data series, with annual frequency, from the official website of World Bank. Fifth part of the analysis presents the main targets of the current development policy. It represents a summary of the Romania â€Å"National Strategy for Development'. 5 Economic Development and Growth Of Romania 2.Used data Gross Domestic Product: According to Ryan Barnes: â€Å"The GAP is the predecessor of all macroeconomic indexes; as an aggregate measure of the total economic output of a country, GAP represents the total value of goods and services produced by the economy, in a specific period†. Frequency: annual Source of collected data: World Bank website Other changes: *only for the regression model: 1,000,000,000 Expressed in: US$ Inflation: Inflation is defined as a sustained increase in the general level of prices for goods and services. It is measured as an annual percentage increase.As inflation rises, every dollar you own buys a smaller percentage of a good or service. Frequency: annual Expressed in: percentage Urban population index According to National Statistic Office: â€Å"Urban population index refers to the number of people which live in urban areas† Other changes: *only for the regression model: 1 ,OHO Expressed in: percentage of the total population Employment index Employment index refers to the active population (15-64 years old) rate: the ratio between the active population and the total number of people with the same age. Other changes: *only for the regression model: AMPLE( 1)= AMPLE(O)* 1,000 Health Expenditure index Health expenditure refers to the sum of public and private health expenditure. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid assassinated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation. It is calculated as the percentage of a nation's GAP. Frequency: annual Pupil-teacher index Pupil-teacher ratio: the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.Expressed in: absolute num ber Public spending on education index Public expenditure on education as % of GAP is the total public expenditure (current and capital) on education expressed as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GAP) in a given year. Public expenditure on education includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration, and transfers/subsidies for private entities (students/households and other private entities) 7 3.Literature review About Roman's Economy According to the Constitution of 1991, Economy of Romania is an economy based on supply and demand rule therefore it means that the state must ensure the freedom of trade and the fair competition. In 1 939 the most important branches of industry were the oil and natural gas industries. 6. 24 million tons of oil was produced in Romania in 1939 and the total exports of oil valued 56 million dollars. Furthermore, with a production slightly lower than Germany, Romania had a very good sit uation in terms of grain.However salt and tobacco had also an important role for Roman's economy during this period. Even if it was of poor quality, tobacco was the main source of income for the people from the Danube Plain. After more than four decades, at the end of 1 989, economy of Romania had the basic communist economy, in all branches of industry' it was a state cooperative monopoly. Price, credits, salaries, the interest rate were directed y the â€Å"single national plan† without reflecting the supply and demand needs. On 21st of December 1 989 Romania had no external debt, the external debt was fully paid by the end of February 1989.

Automobile and Toyota Company Essay

BPMM6013 Marketing Management 1. Toyota has built a huge manufacturing company that can produce millions of cars each year for a wide variety of consumers. Why was it able to grow so much bigger than any other auto manufacturer? The Toyota Company grow so much bigger than any other auto manufacture because of the act according to preference of the customer Market segment. Toyota Company produce large range of subcompacts to luxury and sports vehicles to SUVs, trucks, minivans, and buses. They segment their product according to need of customer. They create their market segment. They produce Scion car that is target the teenage and it becomes famous among the teenage. 2. Has Toyota done the right thing by manufacturing a car brand for everyone? Why or why not? I think Toyota Company done the right thing by manufacturing a car brand for everyone. They manufacture a really great range of exciting new cars which will open people’s eyes and minds. They analyze what a customer need and develop the same feature automobile in the comparable price. They divide their market segment. In the market there are di&erent people with di&erent perception. Toyota prove they produce wide variety of the auto that will use by di&erent types of customer. They try to develop the auto according to the customer perception. They want to satisfy each customer. The price range of the Toyota Company is lies very expensive to inexpensive. Toyota automobile are in the reach of middle class to high class such that the user of the Toyota automobile are very much higher than other automobile company. Toyota understands that each country de’nes perfection di&erently. AMI JOSELINA ABU BAKAR (814481) 1 BPMM6013 Marketing Management 3. Did Toyota grow too quickly as Toyota suggested? What should the company do over thenext year, 5 years, or 10 years? How can growing companies avoid quality problems in the future? Toyota Company grows too quickly as their suggested. Toyota is integrating its assembly plants around the world into a single giant network. They do customize on the car according to the need of the customer. Toyota’s need to keep their product’s selection and quality superior to their competition. Toyota company are become one of the successful manufacturing company due to their consistent quality. They have to maintain their performance quality. Whether they customized the car or develop new model according to customer need they need to maintain same core quality all around the world. They need to maintain reliability on automobile. The same superior quality and dependable should be maintaining. The design of the automobile should be unique and while developing new model design car they need to maintain core material as same. They need to customize regular according to the customer. They need to maintain extraordinary look for each model. Such that it will look very distinctive than competitor. They need to produce high quality and high speci’c design automobile. They need to give services after the purchasing the product and more ever they have to delivery every item in the time. They need to create more value of automobile by giving some of the discount or either by various services. They need to provide e-support for their customer and they need to update their information through the media. As we know people perfection are di&erent according to the geographic area. A great product by itself is not enough so the Toyota need to advertise themselves according to customer perfection at that place. They need to make market strategy di&erently in di&erent country. The Toyota Company is giving Guaranteed Auto Protection to their customer. They need to keep it up. AMI JOSELINA ABU BAKAR (814481) 2.

rego essays

rego essays When president Clinton was elected as our president he wasnt only made head of one of the most powerful countries in the world but was also made responsible for taking the U.S out of its trillion-dollar debt. In order to eliminate this debt President Clinton and VP Gore proposed their plan to reinvent the government. This plan was presented to the public as REGO and would not only make the government better but also help the U.S eliminate its debts. REGO called for many cuts and losses that politicians and critics did not agree with. In fact many politicians called the proposed savings ridiculous and exaggerated but nonetheless agreed to help. REGO included ideas such as reducing the federal bureaucracy by twelve percent, improving the ability of the social security administration to investigate fraud, eliminating wasteful programs, and having agencies submit a five year budget plan. These proposals, which seemed fairly risky at first, turned out to be a success. For example by improving the abilities of the social security administration, the administration was allowed to investigate wrongful issuance of checks. By doing this fraud was eliminated in the administration and the money could be used towards decreasing the debt crisis. REGO also called to downsize the government by eliminating many federal jobs. Many citizens did not agree with this because some would know people or would be in risk of getting laid off by the government but when taking into accountability that the federal government is the biggest employer in the U.S, it made a lot of sense. By REGO eliminating federal governments employees, the money was used towards the debt as well. REGO wasnt a plan that was highly thought of at first but after the first year it was called a success. By downsizing of government and setting budgets REGO forced the bureaucracy to be more accountable and less wastef ...

Hale and Haul

Hale and Haul Hale and Haul Hale and Haul By Maeve Maddox In my current reading of Beowulf, Ive got to the part where the dragon bites Beowulf in the neck. The word translated as neck is heals. For some reason, the expression to be haled off to prison came to my mind. Could it be, I wondered, that the expression came from grabbing the felons neck and dragging him away? No. My imaginative leap was all wrong. Thats how folk etymologies get started! Old English had a word corresponding to our word neck: hnecca, neck, back of the neck. It was not commonly used in OE, but in the later language lost the h and displaced heals as the common word for that part of the anatomy. The verb hale, drag, summon, came into English about 1200, from Old French haler, to pull. The pronunciation changed in the 13th century and the spelling eventually became haul. Now felons are hauled off to prison. haul:Â  trans. To pull or draw with force or violence; to drag, tug (esp. in nautical language). OED The greeting hail, pronounced the same as hale, comes from Old Norse heill, health, prosperity, good luck. In OE, the greeting was waes haeil, be healthy. The phrase became shortened to hailse, which eventually became hail. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Beautiful and Ugly Words8 Types of Parenthetical Phrases55 "House" Idioms

EU mambership effects on migration of labor market in the hospitality Thesis

EU mambership effects on migration of labor market in the hospitality industry, Bucharest Romania - Thesis Example Thus, conclusions are directed towards the development of the hospitality industry and the labor market in Bucharest. This dissertation concludes that hospitality industry can and shall be one of the major industries in the country. The Romanian government has not given due recognition to the potentials of the industry and its desperate need for investments and reform and the EU membership so far has not improved the situation within the Romanian hospitality sector in any appreciable way. On the other hand, the EU membership has opened the borders for the Romanian workforce to immigrate to the West and thousands of Romanians will continue to use this opportunity to leave the country. This negatively affects the hospitality industry by making it hard for local hotels to look for workers and push up the costs of labor. The study concludes by offering some reform propositions that should help the hospitality industry to withstand this challenge and attract new tourists into the country. The new century has been marked by rapid political, economic, and socio-cultural changes in Romania, affecting all sectors of the society and bearing long-term consequences for the country and its people (Fulga 2005, p. 7). The defining moment of the country’s existence was on January 1, 2007, when Romania finally joined the European Union. If NATO membership is generally considered synonymous with security and strategic alliance with the US, while the WTO membership grants the most-favored-nation and low tariff access to the local and imported goods, the EU membership on the other hand spells funding assistance and even more importantly – the opportunity to migrate to other Member States in search for better pay and better work conditions. According to Kotzeva and Pauna (2006), the effects of migration on the labor market in Romania are an interesting topic for discussion, given the country’s recent accession into the European Union (EU) in 2007. For

Software Usability Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Software Usability - Case Study Example Building on these concepts basic criteria for the evaluation of usability can be formed. A critical point in this assessment is to know that it is central on the reactions and the actions of the users for who the interface is designed. That being said, the first criteria would be the ease with which a first time user can perform basic tasks on the site. This would judge the complexity of the site design, how user friendly it is and is pivotal to the learnability aspect. Second, we look at the speed with which the regular user’s, who are more familiar with the design, perform tasks. This forms a building block in the efficiency component of usability by reflecting how successful the basic interface design is at facilitating usability. Next we assess usability by looking at the rate of recall of user’s who return to the design after a prolonged period. How easily these users’s can go back to efficiently using the interface to perform tasks and the number of errors they make while they’re at it will be used to evaluate the memorability and errors aspect of usability. Another key determinant of usability is the overall satisfaction level of the user’s. If their experience with the usage of the design is positive and pleasant it will denote a higher level of usability.

Issues Concerning Optical networking and Equipment Essay

Issues Concerning Optical networking and Equipment - Essay Example Important network topologies and issues like, transparency, protection, routing, switching and wavelength assignment are discussed in detail. The concept of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and DWDM has also been introduced. Finally, the latest trends in optical communication and networks are briefly explained. Optical communication system is similar to any kind of communication system, as far as the basics are concerned. The major difference in optical and other communication models is the additional requirement of a source (for conversion of signal from electrical to optical domain), receiver (for conversion from optical to electrical domain) and use of fibre as media in place of conventional copper wire or microwave. The use of glass fibre or optical fibre features a number of advantages that make it a formidable media, in comparison to others. One of the most important assets of optical communication is the availability of enormous potential bandwidth to the tune of hundreds of GHz. The potential cannot be fully harnessed owing to electrical domain limitation. However, technologies like WDM or DWDM are evolving to optimize the available bandwidth usage. Being fabricated from glass, the fibre does no have earth loop or interface problem as are evident in electrical media. The optical communication is immune to interference from radio frequency and electromagnetic radiations or EMP (electromagnetic pulses) as they act as dielectric waveguides. There are practically insignificant radiations from fibre which enhance security of signal in a communication system. Other advantages include low weight, small size, flexible, reliable, easily maintainable, low transmission losses and cost effective. The requirement for capacity is increasing at a fast rate in the present day networks. Growth of worldwide web and Internet are the primary causes for this increase. Every four to six months, the need is almost doubling.

An Analysis Of Pulling Levers Policing

An Analysis Of Pulling Levers Policing Many jurisdictions have been experimenting with comparatively new problem-oriented policing models to halt gun and gang violence among chronic young offenders. Originating in Boston, one approach is the focused deterrence strategy, also known as pulling levers. Its intentions are to affect the demeanor and surroundings of the serious offenders that are known as being at the center of the gun and gang problems. The strategy seeks permanent elimination of the drug dealing with corresponding reduction in crime and improvement in the quality of life within the neighborhood.( Corsaro et al., Oct. 2009, p. 2) The pulling levers plan of attack tries to deter the violence by making potential offenders believe that stern and swift consequences would follow such behavior. A major part of the pulling levers strategy is the delivery of a straightforward message to a small group of offenders, letting them know what behavior will not be tolerated and the consequences of that behavior. There are so me key elements to the implementation of the pulling levers strategy. In addition, the pulling levers strategy has several advantages and disadvantages. When implementing the pulling levers strategy, several key elements have to be in place in order for it to be successful. These key elements give the pulling levers strategy an advantage over traditional policing. The first element is enlisting the help and support of the community. Residents have to feel that the actions of the officers are legitimate and that nonviolent youth are not being put at risk of being caught up in the justice system. The gathering of a multiagency enforcement group with the power to make decisions is the second element. The group should include police, probation, and parole, as well as state and federal prosecutors. Most often offenders are involved in a wide range of other crimes, which leaves them open for law enforcement to pull every lever of criminal justice intervention to crack down. There is an enormous sanctioning power that the enforcement community could bring to bear against particular gangs and gang members.(Kennedy, Spring 1997, p. 461) The t hird element is having an effective way of communicating with offenders. The multiagency group needs to show offenders the cause and effect of the pulling levers intervention. A direct message that violence will not be tolerated and every legal action will be taken to prevent such violence. The message can be delivered in a variety of ways, such as talking directly to the violent offenders on the streets or holding a public forum with a group of invited offenders. The multiagency group assumes that the message will be reverberated to other offenders through an informal communication network. Another key element is getting researchers involved in the process. Researchers can provide the interagency enforcement group with reliable data and performance evaluations of strategys progress. Research has shown that the pulling levers focused deterrence strategy to be useful in decreasing gun violence among young chronic offenders. The most known is the Boston Gun Project/Operation Ceasefire intervention. It was attributable to a significant decrease in homicides among youth, and nonfatal gun violence. Replications of the Boston Gun Project/Operation Ceasefire strategy have also shown reductions in gun violence. There are two more very important advantages to implementing the pulling levers focused deterrence strategy. First, each gain of control applied increases the effectiveness of the pulling levers strategy. As the baseline level of violence begins to diminish, the multiagency working groups response to new violence problems should increase. Second, it divides the general load of these offenses. For example, instead of patrol officers taking on the general load of deterring violent offenses the responsibility is shared with personnel from other agencies, such as probation, parole, and social service. A challenge or disadvantage that the pulling levers strategy faces is its relatively small scientific evidence. It has been demonstrated in several replications that the pulling levers strategy works when dealing with young serious violent offenders, but it has yet to be implemented for other problems. Another problem is establishing trust with the community. One of the main steps toward implementing the pulling levers strategy is having the trust of the community. Distrust corrodes the creative process that criminal justice agencies and community-based organizations are necessarily engaged in.(as cited in Weisburd and Braga, 2007, p. 184) Without community trust and support the program will surely fail. Establishing trust can be very difficult in communities where racial tensions between the residents and the police are present. For example, in Boston a new mechanism of police accountability was necessary in order to create trust that that new programs would be beneficial to the com munity (as cited by Weisburd and Braga, 2007, p. 172) due to the perception of racism that existed. The community has to be able to hold law enforcement accountable for their actions and have to know that any actions taken by law enforcement will keep them safe and not cause further detriment to the community. Safety is only one dimension on which citizens evaluate police actions(Fagan, Summer-Autumn 2002, p. 139). Also, lever-pulling is resource draining. There are many time-consuming aspects, including organizing and attending the meetings, ensuring compliance with the conditions of probation, and responding to a violent act.(Chermack, Jan. 2008, p. 49) In the end the pulling levers focused deterrence strategy depends on two pertinent components: how well the consequences are customized to the targeted offenses, and if the promises made to would-be offenders are kept. Unfulfilled promises and hollow threats from law enforcement can only lead to more problems with the offenders. In order to establish trust with the community and instill fear in the offenders all promises and threats should be carried out. Also, without the political support of the community, the police cannot pursue an innovative enforcement strategy that targets truly dangerous youth at the heart of urban youth violence problems. (as cited in Weisburd and Braga, 2007, p. 185) 2. How would you conduct a study to test whether pulling levers policing works? You must use qualitative, quantitative, or a mixed methods design. Detail the steps from start to finish including the measures you wish to test. The goal of conducting a study to measure the pulling levers strategy is to help facilitate better decisions by law enforcement agencies. The study should help answer two questions: Was there a decrease in the problem and if so was it the result of the response imposed? By answering these questions law enforcement can decide whether to end the pulling levers strategy and focus resources elsewhere or to apply the response to other problems. The type of design used in this study is an experimental quantitative design . By using this type of study, changes can be evaluated mathematically before and after the implementation of the pulling levers strategy. For example, the study being conducted wants to know if there was a decrease in youth homicides after the implementation of the pulling levers strategy. First, the study would take place in a large metropolitan city where youth homicides are above the national average, like Chicago, Illinois. The first set on analyses would be gathered from secondary information sources for demographic, policing, economic, and homicide patterns over a span of 2000-2009. This will be the main database used for the analysis. Official police data would be obtained from the Chicago Police Departments statistical reports. Economical and demographic data would be gathered from the 2000 U.S. Census. Economic data would also be gathered from the U. S Bureau of Labor Statistics. From the information gathered the officers will found out who are the target offenders and areas with the highest youth homicide rates would be the communities used in the study. Much crime-violent, drug, property, and domestic-is concentrated in certain neighborhoods, particularly poor minority neighborhoods.(Kennedy, 1997, p. 459) Two teams of officers would be organized to patrol the beat in these two communities to implement the pulling levers strategy. This would take place over the span of three years. The officers using the pulling levers strategy would deliver a specific deterrence message to the youth offenders. In the case of the Boston Gun Project/Operation Ceasefire the message was delivered in formal meetings with gang members; through individual police and probation contacts with gang members; through meetings with inmates of secure juvenile facilities in the city; and through gang outreach workers.(Braga et al., 2001, p.5) Also, a multiagency law enforcement team would convene several meetings with serious gang offenders where the team would communicate its new standards for conduct, indicating that violence will not be tolerated. Each offender has certain background characteristics.that interact with dynamic characteristics(DeMichele and Paparozzi, Oct. 2008, p. 70). So when there is a violation of these rules, the multiagency law enforcement team would respond by using all available sanctions or levers to punish the offender. Those in which these sanctions were imposed on would become the source of discussion in subsequent meetings with potential would-be offenders. In terms of analysis, one of the most widely adopted statistical procedures in econometrics and criminal justice used to determine the impact of programs and public policies is time series analysis.(Corsaro et al., Oct. 2009, p. 20) During the three years, analysis of the strategys impact would consist of a time-series design. Every month the strategy would be reassessed. A count of youth homicides would be conducted to see if the program is working properly. Also there would be a monthly count of calls for shots fired. Once the three-year implementation of the program has concluded the data for the youth homicides and calls for shots fired would be compared to the data before program implementation. Key outcome variables would be the monthly number of youth homicide victims 21 or younger in the two targeted areas, and a monthly count of shots-fired citizen calls citywide. Also, youth homicide trends in would be compared with the youth homicide trends in other large U.S. cities. The implementation of the program would start in April, 2010 and end April, 2013. If the program was implemented successfully the time series analyses should show a reduction in monthly number of youth homicides from pretest to posttest. There should also be a significant decrease in calls for shots fired. With the successful implementation of the pulling levers strategy there should be an overall decrease in criminal activities with the communities and the city. An important question for policymakers to consider when deciding to implement a lever-pulling strategy is whether a working group is willing to commit the time and resources for effective follow-up.(Chermack, Jan. 2008, p. 152) Communities that suffer loss and injury from gun violence are most often those that are racially segregated and socially disadvantaged. Policing in this social context requires sensitivity to questions of legitimacy and procedural fairness.(Fagan, Autumn-Summer 2002, p. 147)

Advancement of Technology and Science and its Influence on Science Fiction Novels :: Technology Science Literature Essays

Advancement of Technology and Science and its Influence on Science Fiction Novels The rapid pace of technology and the advancement of scientific understanding in the past one hundred years are at the backbone for the distinctly twentieth century genre -- science fiction. Such rapid advancement in these fields of technology have opened up literally worlds of possibilities for the future. One hundred years ago the possibility of simply flying from city to city may have seemed nothing more than a distant futuristic dream to most. While a mere sixty years later the impossible was achieved -- a human being on the moon. Since technology has brought as much change as it has in the past one hundred years the next hundred should be entirely incomprehendable to us. Who knows what to expect? "The modern discoveries and applications of Science throw deeply into the shade the old romances and fanciful legends of our boyhood" (James 8) observes James. Technology has made what was once thought impossible, plausible and weather or not technology is directly incorporated into a science fi ction story as an obvious vehicle, the author knows that it is always present in the mind of the reader. It is this plausablilty of what conventionally should not be acceptable that has led to science fiction's increasing popularity over the years. As James explains, "much sf is concerned with the future and with the possibilities presented by scientific and technological change" (James 3). Truly, humans exploring and even colonizing other worlds, the plot of many a science fiction novel, has to many become inevitable. The successful series of Apollo moon landings in the 1960's and the knowledge that we already possess the technology to send humans to other worlds leads many to believe that it is only a matter of time. Even such a notably respectable news source as Newsweek has detailed the future maned missions to Mars (September, 23 1996). When I look forward to the future I can hardly imagine the changes that will occur as a result of new discoveries in science and new technologies. With so m any possibilities for the future, science fiction is able to capitalizes on this by showing the audience entirely new worlds and alternatives to our own. Technology presented in science fiction stories most commonly serves a very important role in the stories plausablilty to the audience. While this does not mean that technology is necessarily the focus of such stories it is often used as the vehicle for which such alternative and wonderous events occur. Without the advanced spaceship how could the Segnauts have gotten to the planet Advancement of Technology and Science and its Influence on Science Fiction Novels :: Technology Science Literature Essays Advancement of Technology and Science and its Influence on Science Fiction Novels The rapid pace of technology and the advancement of scientific understanding in the past one hundred years are at the backbone for the distinctly twentieth century genre -- science fiction. Such rapid advancement in these fields of technology have opened up literally worlds of possibilities for the future. One hundred years ago the possibility of simply flying from city to city may have seemed nothing more than a distant futuristic dream to most. While a mere sixty years later the impossible was achieved -- a human being on the moon. Since technology has brought as much change as it has in the past one hundred years the next hundred should be entirely incomprehendable to us. Who knows what to expect? "The modern discoveries and applications of Science throw deeply into the shade the old romances and fanciful legends of our boyhood" (James 8) observes James. Technology has made what was once thought impossible, plausible and weather or not technology is directly incorporated into a science fi ction story as an obvious vehicle, the author knows that it is always present in the mind of the reader. It is this plausablilty of what conventionally should not be acceptable that has led to science fiction's increasing popularity over the years. As James explains, "much sf is concerned with the future and with the possibilities presented by scientific and technological change" (James 3). Truly, humans exploring and even colonizing other worlds, the plot of many a science fiction novel, has to many become inevitable. The successful series of Apollo moon landings in the 1960's and the knowledge that we already possess the technology to send humans to other worlds leads many to believe that it is only a matter of time. Even such a notably respectable news source as Newsweek has detailed the future maned missions to Mars (September, 23 1996). When I look forward to the future I can hardly imagine the changes that will occur as a result of new discoveries in science and new technologies. With so m any possibilities for the future, science fiction is able to capitalizes on this by showing the audience entirely new worlds and alternatives to our own. Technology presented in science fiction stories most commonly serves a very important role in the stories plausablilty to the audience. While this does not mean that technology is necessarily the focus of such stories it is often used as the vehicle for which such alternative and wonderous events occur. Without the advanced spaceship how could the Segnauts have gotten to the planet

Generational Conflict in the Workplace Essay

Abstract Conflict in the workplace is not a new problem. Having many generations working towards the same goal will almost always cause some friction. It becomes the responsibility of administrators/managers in the workplace to not only understand the source of this conflict, but also diffuse it before it becomes counterproductive. Conflict can be a very powerful tool in the workplace if not allowed to get out of hand. Each generation in the workplace has much to learn from the others. They also have much to teach. Using â€Å"The Wheel of Conflict† to understand this conflict will allow for a more productive, and less hostile workplace. Factors Leading to Conflict With the recent downturn in the economy and the increased number of individuals entering the workplace after formal education; there has been an increasing number of conflicts within the workplace among individuals from different generations. My generation, generation Y or the millennial generation is generally involved with this conflict. I would like to include a little background on each of the two main generations involved. Generation X consists of approximately 55 million workers in North America. They were born between 1965 and 1980. It is generally accepted that Gen Xers are called the â€Å"latchkey children.† They are self-reliant and independent. They generally enjoy a casual and friendly work environment. They separate friends from family, and seek a balance between work life and family. Generation Y consists of approximately 80 million workers in North America. They were born between 1981 and 1999. These are the newest individuals to enter the workforce. They generally celebrate diversity; they’re optimistic, inventive and individualistic. They like to rewrite the rules, and generally enjoy a pleasurable lifestyle. Gen Yers do not see the relevance of most institutions. They are masters of technology, mainly because they have grown up in a world with the Internet and gadgets. Unlike the â€Å"latchkey children,† they were nurtured by their parents and see friends as family. They have high expectations and demands, and wish to work for socially responsible companies. Gen Yers are also more involved with politics. Emotions Through examining the differences in the Generation Y and Generation X individuals in the workplace; it can easily be determined that emotions play a very large role in the conflict on both sides. Generation Y seems to have a very high opinion of themselves. They do not like authoritarian leadership styles because they grew up able to question their parents. Unlike previous generations Gen Yers like to make their job accommodate their personal life, not the other way around. They place a high value on self-fulfillment and do not expect to stay in a particular job long because they view career change as â€Å"normal.† They are also accustomed to receiving constant feedback and recognition from parents and other figures of authority. They continue to expect this in the workplace. Generation X and before resent this type of self-important behavior and are generally dismissive of the Gen Yers. In a Lee Hecht Harrison Company survey 70% of older employees were dismissive of younger workers’ abilities, and 50% of younger workers were dismissive of older workers’ abilities. This shows that both groups are equally dismissive of the other. Generation Y employees come from the period of â€Å"instant gratification.† As a member of this generation I must say that I cannot recall a time that I wasn’t able to get an answer that I want for a question on any topic. The Internet is a huge resource and has always been at my fingertips. This has played a large role in creating the attitudes of Generation Y workers. They haven’t had to learn patience. Most Generation Y workers come out of college, with a high self-worth, and expect to make a six-figure salary. That is just not reasonable. Considering that the Gen Yers have been â€Å"pampered† by their families, they react like an insolent child when they do not get what they feel they are â€Å"owed.† This emotional reaction does not help their case within the workplace. Communication Another common factor that leads to this conflict has to be communication. As stated before, the younger generation has grown up in a world of technology. They are perfectly confortable communicating through email, sums, or social networking sites. These modes of communication are well within their comfort zones. This comfort with impersonal communications has one major drawback. Many Gen Yers do not possess the ability to speak face to face, and express their ideas. Inability to communicate will cause great problems in the workplace. Gen Yers may misinterpret constructive criticism from older colleagues, and older colleagues may feel that younger individuals are disrespectful within the workplace. The fact is that neither group is right, and neither is wrong. Most Gen Yers are not intentionally disrespectful; they simply need to learn how to properly communicate in the workplace. The comfort level they possessed at home is not appropriate at the office. At the same time the older generations need not write off the younger generations because of some communication miscues. Values/Relationships Values and relationships also play a large role in this conflict. First off Gen Yers consist of nearly 50% of non-native North Americans. Most Gen Yers have liberal attitudes towards gay marriage and interracial dating. They are critical of the ethics and morality of business. They maintain close ties with their families, and are much more active in politics then their counterparts. Either way you look at it they are socially different than their elders. Generation X consisted of the 1960’s and 1970’s. There were racial struggles in the not so distant past. Old stereotypes die hard, and there may be some subconscious issues between the older guard and the newcomers. These issues may not be as blatant as outright racism, but may be subtler. Gen Yers wouldn’t think twice about seeing a burka in the workplace, whereas Gen X and before may do a double take. Relationships with family also play a large role in this conflict. Firstly Gen Yers are not afraid to live with their parents until they find the right job. This can often be viewed unfavorably by older generations who see this unwillingness to head off on their own as a weakness. Needs In order to properly address the conflict within the workplace, one must understand the various needs of all parties involved. There are three basic types of issues to consider. The first of these are Substantive Issues. This includes things like money or salary, resources needed for a job, or time. Second is Procedural Issues. These include means that we use to address the conflict. This could be communications or other means that are used to address conflict. Finally Psychological Needs comes into play. These are things that all people generally hold sacred. This includes things like trust, fairness, or respect. These general needs or issues are the same for all people. They only differ in the perception of them. Managers must understand that 99% of individuals go to work for a paycheck. In a job their substantive needs must be met. For Gen Xers this is pretty easy to handle. With Gen Yers it appears to be a little more complicated. As mentioned earlier, Gen Yers have a very high self-worth. They often feel that they deserve a higher salary that they receive. This will cause morale to drop among them, and open up the opportunity for conflict. Similarly, procedural issues present a problem with Gen Yers. They resent much about the current structure of business, and expect constant feedback. A little give and take on both sides of the issue will be needed to effectively resolve this problem. Finally the psychological needs are the most difficult thing to address. Because of the cultural differences in the generations, both parties must be open to what each other can bring to the table. Both the Gen Xers and Gen Yers want respect, and each party shows respect in different ways. Therefore, an understanding must be reached to achieve the desired result. If parties feel respected they will be more willing to participate, and trust each other. Conclusion This is an ongoing circle of conflict. People are creatures of habit and are not generally open to change. Throughout time, each generation has had contempt of some form for the generation that follows. The incoming generation has always felt that they know more than the ones they are replacing. The important thing to remember is that open communication channels will benefit the workplace. Each generation will better understand each other, and will be able to learn from one another. Generation Y must understand that the business world is very different from their childhood. Generation X must understand that not all change is bad. The humorous side of this is that in 20 years. The generation Y will have the same issues with Generation Z as Generation X had with them. Works Cited Mayer, B. (2000). The Dynamics of Conflict Resolution: A Practitioner’s Guide. San Francisco, CA, USA: Jossey-Bass. Williams, R. (2009, September 8). Why Are You Not Like Me? The Generational Gap In The Workplace. Retrieved February 2, 2012, from Psychology Today: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/wired-success/200909/why-are-you-not-me-the-generational-gap-in-the-workplace

College Uneducation Essay

I wish to speak on â€Å"College Uneducation. † Is it possible that our college educationmay â€Å"uneducate† rather than educate? I answer â€Å"Yes. † It is a paradox but nonetheless the truth—the grim, unmerciful truth. We all believe in higher education; else we should not be in the University. At the same time, college education—like all other human devices for human betterment—may build or destroy, lead, or mislead. My ten years’ humble service in the University of the Philippines has afforded me an opportunity to watch the current of ideals and practices of our student body. In some aspects of higher education, most of our students have measured up to their high responsibilities. But in other features—alas, vital ones! —the thoughts and actions of many of them tend to stunt the mind, dry up the heart, and quench the soul. These students are being uneducated in college. I shall briefly discussthree ways in which many of our students are getting college uneducation, for which they pay tuition fees and make unnumbered sacrifices. Book Worship In the first place, there is the all but delirious worship of the printed page. â€Å"What does the book say? † is, by all odds, the most important question in the student’s mind whenever he is faced with any problem calling for his own reasoning. By the same token, may students feel a sort of frenzy for facts till these become as huge as the mountains and the mind is crushed under them. Those students think of nothing but how to accumulate data; hence, their capacity for clear and powerful thinking is paralyzed. How pathetic to hear them argue and discuss! Because they lack the native vitality of unhampered reason, their discourse smacks of cant and sophistry rather than of healthy reasoning and straight thinking. It is thus that many of our students surrender their individuality to the textbook and lose their birthright—which is to think for themselves. And when they attempt to form their own judgment, they become pedantic. Unless a student develops the habit of independent and sound reasoning, his college education is a solemn sham. Compare these hair-splitting college students with Juan de la Cruz in the barrios. Now, Juan de la Cruz has read very little: no undigested mass of learning dulls the edge of his inborn logic, his mind is free from the overwhelming, stultifying weight of unassimilated book knowledge. How penetrating his perception, how unerring his judgment, how solid his common sense! He contemptuously refers to the learned sophists, thus: †Lumabis ang karunungan mo,† which means, â€Å"Your learning is too much. † Professional Philistinism The second manner of college uneducation that I want to speak of is this: most students make professional efficiency the be-all and end-all of college education. They have set their hearts upon becoming highly trained lawyers, doctors, engineers, teachers, and agriculturists. I shall not stop to inquire into the question of how much blame should be laid at the door of the faculties of the University for this pernicious drift toward undue and excessive specialization. That such a tendency exists is undeniable, but we never pause to count, the cost! We are all of one mind: I believe that college education is nothing unless it widens a man’s vision, broadens his sympathies, and leads him to higher thinking and deep feeling. Yet how can we expect a; this result from a state of affairs which reduces a law student to a code, a prospective doctor to a prescription, and a would-be engineer to a mathematical formula? How many students in our professional colleges are doing any systematic reading in literature? May we not, indeed, seriously ask whether this fetish of specialization does not smother the inspiring sense of beauty and the ennobling love of finer things that our students have it in them to unfold into full-blown magnificence. The Jading Dullness of Modern Life â€Å"A thing of beauty is a joy forever,†Ã¢â‚¬ says Keats. But we know that beauty us a matter of taste; and, unless we develop in us a proper appreciation of what is beautiful and sublime, everything around us is tedious and commonplace. We rise early and go out into, but our spirit is responsive to the hopeful quietude and the dew-chastened sweetness of dawn. At night we behold the myriad stars, but they are just so many bright specks—their soft fires do not soothe our troubled hearts, and we do not experience that awesome, soul stirring fascination of theimmense ties of God’s universe. We are bathed in the silver sheen of the moon and yet feel not the beatitude of the moment. We gaze upon a vista of high mountains, but their silent strength has no appeal for us. We read some undying verses; still, their vibrant cadence does not thrill us, and their transcendent though is to us like a vision that vanishes. We look at a masterpiece of the chisel with its eternal gracefulness of lines and properties, yet to us it is no more than a mere human likeness. Tell me, is such a life worth coming to college for? Yet, my friends, the overspecialization which many students pursue with zeal and devotion is bound to result in such an unfeeling, dry-as-dust existence. I may say in passing that the education of the older generation is in this respect far superior to ours. Our older countrymen say, with reason, that the new education does not lawfully cultivate the heart as the old education did. Misguided Zeal Lastly, this selfsame rage for highly specialized training, with a view to distinguished professional success, beclouds our vision of the broader perspectives of life. Our philosophy of life is in danger of becoming narrow and mean because we are habituated to think almost wholly in terms of material wellbeing. Of course we must be practical. We cannot adequately answer this tremendous question unless we thoughtfully develop a proper sense of values and thus learn to separate the dross from the gold, the chaff from the grain of life. The time to do this task is not after but before college graduation; for, when all is said and done, the sum and substance of higher education is the individualformulation of what life is for, with special training in some advanced line of human learning in order that such a life formula may be executed with the utmost effectiveness. But how can we lay down the terms of our philosophy of life if every one of our thoughts is absorbed by the daily assignment, the outside reading, and the laboratory experiment, and when we continuously devour lectures and notes? â€Å"Uneducated† Juan de la Cruz as Teacher Here, again, many of our students should sit at the feet of meagrely educated Juan de la Cruz and learn wisdom. Ah! He is often called ignorant, but he is the wisest of the wise, for he has unravelled the mysteries of life. His is the happiness of the man who knows the whys of human existence. Unassuming Juan de la Cruz cherishes no â€Å"Vaulting ambition which o’erleaps itself. † His simple and hardy virtues put to shame the studied and complex rules of conduct of highly educated men and women. In adversity, his stoicism is beyond encomium. His love of home, so guilelessly faithful, is the firm foundation of our social structure. And his patriotism has been tested and found true. Can our students learn from Juan de la Cruz, or does their college education unfit them to become his pupils? In conclusion, I shall say that I have observed among many of our students certain alarming signs of college uneducation, and some of these are: (1) lack of independent judgment as well as love of pedantry, because of the worship of the printed page and the feverish accumulation of undigested data; (2) the deadening of the delicate sense of the beautiful and the sublime, on account of overspecialization; and (3) neglect of the formulation of a sound philosophy of life as a result of excessive emphasis on professional training.